Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...

Hypertension V: Nursing Management

Hypertension V: Nursing Management

The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.

Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications

Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications

Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications are employed in treating hypertension. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments include:Thiazide Diuretics, such as chlorthalidone, increase sodium and water excretion from the body, reducing blood volume and blood pressure.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, like lisinopril, block the conversion of angiotensin I to II, a potent vasoconstrictor lowering blood pressure.Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) prevent angiotensin II...

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Patient out-of-pocket costs for antihypertensive single pill combination products with cost caps.

Journal of human hypertension·2026

Same author

Healthcare insurance status and hypertension control before and after the Affordable Care Act.

American journal of hypertension·2026

Same author

Predicted Cardiovascular and Economic Impacts of the Measure Accurately, Act Rapidly, and Partner With Patients Program to Improve Hypertension Control.

American journal of preventive medicine·2025

Same author

Height May Explain Sex Differences in Systolic Blood Pressure in Older Adults.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2025

Same author

Non-debatable issues in defining blood pressure targets for hypertension - Editorial.

Blood pressure·2025

Same author

Treatment in the First Month After Hypertension Diagnosis Improves Blood Pressure Control.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

Prehypertension: risk stratification and management considerations.

Brent M Egan¹, Stevo Julius

¹Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, RT1104, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. eganbm@musc.edu

Current Hypertension Reports

|September 9, 2008

Summary

Stage 2 prehypertension significantly elevates cardiovascular risk. Angiotensin receptor blockers safely reduce blood pressure and delay hypertension progression in these patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Preventive Medicine
Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

37% of US adults are prehypertensive, with 31 million classified as stage 2 (130-139/85-89 mm Hg).
Stage 2 prehypertensives face a threefold increased risk of developing hypertension and a twofold higher risk of cardiovascular events compared to normotensives.
Current guidelines recommend lifestyle changes for prehypertension, but community-wide effectiveness data is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in managing stage 2 prehypertension.
To assess the safety and efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers in preventing hypertension progression.
To determine the clinical utility of identifying high-risk stage 2 prehypertensives for intervention.

Main Methods:

The Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TOHP) investigated the use of angiotensin receptor blockade.
Study participants included stage 2 prehypertensives identified as high-risk for progression.
Blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular event tracking were employed.

Main Results:

Angiotensin receptor blockade was demonstrated to safely lower blood pressure in stage 2 prehypertensives.
Pharmacotherapy effectively prevented or delayed the progression to established hypertension.
The number needed to treat for cardiovascular event prevention was comparable to stage 1 hypertension.

Conclusions:

Clinicians should identify high-risk stage 2 prehypertensives.
Renin-angiotensin system blockers are a reasonable treatment option when lifestyle changes are insufficient.
Pharmacological intervention can mitigate cardiovascular risks associated with prehypertension.