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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Superconductor01:24

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
Ferromagnetism01:31

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Fermi Level01:18

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The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...

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Superconductivity in the PbO-type structure alpha-FeSe.

Fong-Chi Hsu1, Jiu-Yong Luo, Kuo-Wei Yeh

  • 1Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered superconductivity in iron selenide (FeSe) at 8 K. This iron-based superconductor, simpler and less toxic than LaOFeAs, offers new insights into unconventional superconductivity mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Superconductivity in layered iron-based oxypnictides (La[O(1-x)F(x)]FeAs) with high transition temperatures (Tc) has recently been discovered.
  • Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in the superconductivity of LaOMPn compounds, which feature layered crystal structures with Fe-based planes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore other Fe-based planar compounds for superconductivity.
  • To investigate the superconducting properties of the alpha-FeSe compound.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of alpha-FeSe samples with controlled selenium (Se) deficiency.
  • Measurement of electrical resistance to determine the zero-resistance transition temperature (Tc).

Main Results:

  • Superconductivity observed in alpha-FeSe with a zero-resistance transition temperature of 8 K.
  • The clean superconducting phase was found exclusively in samples with intentional Se deficiency.
  • Alpha-FeSe shares a similar, simpler planar crystal sublattice with layered oxypnictides.

Conclusions:

  • Iron selenide (FeSe) is a novel superconductor with potential for understanding unconventional superconductivity mechanisms.
  • The compound's simpler structure and reduced toxicity compared to LaOFeAs make it an attractive material for further study.
  • Deficiency in Se is critical for achieving superconductivity in FeSe.