Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists01:28

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists

Histamine H2 receptors, which are intricately located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, play a crucial role in modulating gastric acid secretion. When released from enterochromaffin-like cells, histamine engages H2 receptors, initiating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. In this pathway, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. The activation of protein kinase A follows, stimulating the proton pump. This stimulation prompts the secretion of hydrogen...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction to: Darolutamide: A Review in Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Targeted oncology·2022
Same author

Correction to: Siponimod: A Review in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

CNS drugs·2021
Same author

Opicapone: A Review in Parkinson's Disease.

CNS drugs·2021
Same author

Lumasiran: First Approval.

Drugs·2021
Same author

Darolutamide: A Review in Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Targeted oncology·2020
Same author

Siponimod: A Review in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

CNS drugs·2020
Same journal

Botulinum Toxin Type A for Trigeminal and Postherpetic Neuralgia: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.

Drugs·2026
Same journal

Biologics and Small Molecule Inhibitors: Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions.

Drugs·2026
Same journal

Use of Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs and the Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

Drugs·2026
Same journal

Relacorilant: First Approval.

Drugs·2026
Same journal

Developmental Progress and Future Potential for Inhaled Biologics in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases.

Drugs·2026
Same journal

Linerixibat: First Approval.

Drugs·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model
05:09

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model

Published on: April 28, 2023

Alvimopan.

Monique P Curran1, Gayle W Robins, Gayle W Robyns

  • 1Wolters Kluwer Health | Adis, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

Drugs
|September 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alvimopan accelerates gastrointestinal recovery after bowel resection surgery. This micro-opioid receptor antagonist significantly reduced time to food tolerance and bowel movement, aiding faster hospital discharge.

More Related Videos

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model
05:31

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Published on: June 8, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model
05:09

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model

Published on: April 28, 2023

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model
05:31

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Published on: June 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Alvimopan is a selective, peripherally acting micro-opioid receptor antagonist.
  • It is indicated for short-term use in hospitalized patients post-bowel resection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of alvimopan in managing postoperative ileus.
  • To assess the impact of alvimopan on gastrointestinal function recovery and hospital discharge time.

Main Methods:

  • Five phase III clinical trials were conducted (four in North America, one in Europe/Australasia).
  • Patients undergoing bowel resection with primary anastomosis received either alvimopan (12 mg) or placebo pre-operatively and post-operatively.
  • Efficacy was assessed by a composite endpoint (GI2) including time to solid food tolerance and first bowel movement.

Main Results:

  • Alvimopan significantly reduced the time to achieving the GI2 endpoint by 11-26 hours compared to placebo.
  • In North American trials, alvimopan hastened hospital discharge order by 13-21 hours.
  • Alvimopan did not affect opioid analgesia or increase opioid administration.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term alvimopan administration is effective in accelerating gastrointestinal recovery post-bowel resection.
  • Alvimopan is generally well-tolerated in adult patients undergoing this surgical procedure.
  • The drug offers a significant benefit in reducing postoperative ileus duration and hospital stay.