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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Pipe Systems01:21

Multiple Pipe Systems

Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
Single Pipe Systems01:24

Single Pipe Systems

In pipe flow analysis, problems are typically categorized into three types — Type I, Type II, and Type III — based on the known parameters and the desired outcome. Each type of problem addresses specific engineering requirements using fluid properties, pipe characteristics, and operational conditions.
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are known. The...
Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving

A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is achieved...
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow II01:24

General Characteristics of Pipe Flow II

When fluid enters a pipe, it first passes through the entrance region, where the velocity profile adjusts due to viscous effects. In this region, a boundary layer forms along the pipe walls and grows until it fully occupies the pipe's cross-section. Once the boundary layer merges, the flow becomes fully developed, with a steady velocity profile that remains consistent along the pipe's length.
The distance to reach a fully developed flow is called the entrance length and depends on the flow...
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I01:22

General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I

Pipe flow refers to the movement of fluids within fully enclosed conduits, typically cylindrical in shape, such as water pipes or hydraulic hoses. These conduits are designed to withstand high-pressure gradients that drive fluid movement, contrasting with open-channel flows, where gravity is the primary driving force. Rectangular conduits, like air conditioning and heating ducts, generally operate at lower pressures and are less suited for high-pressure applications.
The classification of fluid...
Pipe Flowrate Measurement01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
The orifice meter is a simple,...

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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

The waterpipe: time for action.

Wasim Maziak1

  • 1University of Memphis, Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. wmaziak@memphis.edu

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|September 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Waterpipe (hookah, shisha) use is surging globally, especially among youth, despite health risks. Urgent public health action is needed to address this growing epidemic.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Tobacco Control
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), known globally by various names like hookah and shisha, is experiencing a worldwide resurgence.
  • This trend is particularly pronounced among adolescents and young adults, with WTS rates surpassing cigarette smoking in some populations.
  • Factors contributing to WTS popularity include flavored tobacco (Maassel), perceived lower harm, social/cafe culture, and media influence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing global popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS).
  • To identify key factors driving the WTS surge, including flavored tobacco and misperceptions of harm.
  • To emphasize the urgent need for public health and policy interventions against the WTS epidemic.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and epidemiological trends on waterpipe tobacco smoking.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to the global spread and popularity of WTS.
  • Assessment of the public health response relative to the accumulating evidence on WTS risks.

Main Results:

  • Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is rapidly gaining popularity worldwide, especially among youth.
  • Misperceptions of reduced harm, driven by smoke filtration through water, contribute significantly to WTS prevalence.
  • Evidence on the harmful and addictive nature of WTS is growing, yet public health responses lag behind.

Conclusions:

  • The global rise in waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) constitutes a significant public health challenge.
  • Urgent and timely public health and policy actions are imperative to curb the escalating WTS epidemic.
  • Addressing misperceptions and understanding the full health impact of WTS are critical for effective intervention.