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Updated: Jul 1, 2026
07:52
Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
Published on: January 29, 2011
Review article: leaving the emergency department without being seen
Marcus Kennedy1, Catherine E MacBean, Caroline Brand
1Adult Retrieval Victoria, Metropolitan Ambulance Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA
|September 11, 2008
Summary
Patients leaving the emergency department (ED) without being seen (LWBS) are often younger, male, and concerned about wait times. While serious adverse events are rare, further research is needed to understand outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Emergency Medicine
- Health Services Research
- Patient Experience
Background:
- Patients leaving the ED without being seen (LWBS) may be dissatisfied and face risks from unassessed conditions.
- Understanding factors, outcomes, and interventions related to LWBS is crucial for improving ED care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine factors associated with the decision to LWBS.
- To investigate adverse health outcomes for patients who LWBS.
- To identify interventions aimed at reducing LWBS rates.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing research literature.
- Analysis of factors influencing LWBS decisions.
- Assessment of reported adverse health outcomes and interventions.
Main Results:
- Insufficient evidence for firm conclusions, but trends suggest LWBS patients have lower urgency/acuity conditions, are younger, male, and cite wait times.
- LWBS patients show low subsequent admission rates, with rare serious adverse events.
- Many LWBS patients seek alternative care, potentially experiencing higher rates of ongoing symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Current literature provides limited conclusive evidence on LWBS.
- Further comprehensive research, including cohort and case-control studies, is recommended.
- Future studies should assess patient, hospital, and cross-sectoral factors to accurately determine LWBS outcomes.
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