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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
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Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Use of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation to Assess the Origin of Myelodysplastic Syndrome
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Hematopoietic disorders in Down syndrome.

John K Choi1

  • 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA. choijo@email.chop.edu

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology
|September 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with Down syndrome face a higher risk of hematological disorders. This review covers their clinical features, diagnosis, and molecular causes.

Keywords:
Down syndromeacute leukemiamyelodysplastic syndrometransient myeloproliferative disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Down syndrome is a genetic condition associated with an increased risk of various health issues.
  • Hematological disorders are a significant concern in the Down syndrome population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical characteristics of hematological disorders in Down syndrome.
  • To discuss differential diagnosis and underlying molecular mechanisms of these disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and molecular research.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and etiological factors.

Main Results:

  • Patients with Down syndrome exhibit a distinct spectrum of hematological abnormalities.
  • Understanding molecular pathways is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and accurate diagnosis of hematological disorders are vital for patients with Down syndrome.
  • Further research into molecular mechanisms can lead to targeted therapies.