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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
Equivalent Capacitance01:19

Equivalent Capacitance

From the study of resistive circuits, it is understood that employing a series-parallel combination serves as an effective strategy for simplifying circuits. Capacitors can be arranged within a circuit in one of two ways: a series configuration or a parallel configuration. The way these capacitors are connected to a battery will influence both the potential drop across each individual capacitor and the size of the charge that each capacitor can store. This is determined by the specific type of...
Equivalent Capacitance01:19

Equivalent Capacitance

Multiple capacitors can be connected in a circuit in series or parallel configuration. When the capacitor combination is connected to a battery, the potential drop across each capacitor and the magnitude of charge stored in the individual capacitor depends on the type of the connection. The capacitor combination is replaced by a single equivalent capacitor that stores the same amount of charge as the combination for a given potential difference.
The following strategies are adopted to calculate...
RC Circuits: Charging A Capacitor01:30

RC Circuits: Charging A Capacitor

A circuit containing resistance and capacitance is called an RC circuit. A capacitor is an electrical component that stores electric charge by storing energy in an electric field. Consider a simple RC circuit having a DC (direct current) voltage source ε, a resistor R, a capacitor C, and a two-way position switch. In the circuit, the capacitor can be charged or discharged depending on the position of the switch.
When the switch is moved to connect the battery, the circuit reduces to a simple...
MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
Capacitor With A Dielectric01:18

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver
08:25

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver

Published on: August 27, 2021

A Charge-Based Low-Power High-SNR Capacitive Sensing Interface Circuit.

Sheng-Yu Peng, Muhammad S Qureshi, Paul E Hasler

    IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. I, Regular Papers : a Publication of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society
    |September 13, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a low-power capacitive sensing circuit with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for ultrasound applications. The novel design achieves excellent performance with minimal power consumption, making it suitable for various sensing needs.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Sensor Technology
    • Low-Power Electronics

    Background:

    • Capacitive sensing circuits are crucial for various applications but often face challenges with power consumption and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
    • Existing charge amplifiers require significant power or compromise on SNR, limiting their use in power-sensitive devices.
    • Stabilizing DC output voltage in low-frequency applications is essential for reliable performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a low-power capacitive sensing approach.
    • To achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in capacitive sensing circuits.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach for ultrasound applications using a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed a circuit comprising a capacitive feedback charge amplifier and a charge adaptation circuit.
    • Implemented an adaptation scheme using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling and channel hot electron injection for DC output voltage stabilization.
    • Utilized a MOS-bipolar pseudo-resistor feedback scheme interfaced with a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer.

    Main Results:

    • The charge amplifier achieved an audio band SNR of 69.34dB with only 1 μW power consumption (without adaptation).
    • The adaptation scheme introduced a very low frequency pole at 0.2Hz without degrading circuit performance.
    • Demonstrated feasibility for ultrasound applications.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed low-power capacitive sensing approach effectively balances high SNR and minimal power consumption.
    • The demonstrated adaptation scheme ensures stable DC output voltage without compromising performance.
    • This technology is well-suited for power-constrained ultrasound sensing applications.