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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin homology) domains...
Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to the...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...

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Mechanosensitive channels: insights from continuum-based simulations.

Yuye Tang1, Jejoong Yoo, Arun Yethiraj

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Nanomechanics Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
|September 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study uses continuum mechanics to model mechanosensitive channels, revealing insights into their gating mechanisms. This approach aids understanding of cell function regulation in biophysics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Mechanotransduction is crucial for cell function, but its study is challenged by the multiscale nature of mechanosensitive channels.
  • Understanding mechanosensitive channel gating mechanisms is vital for biophysics research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on mechanosensitive channel gating using a continuum mechanics framework.
  • To explore the application of a hierarchical modeling and simulation framework for studying mechanosensitive channels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a continuum-mechanics-based hierarchical modeling and simulation framework.
  • Applied the framework to study the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) in Escherichia coli (E. coli).
  • Tested several putative gating mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Deduced new insights into the gating mechanisms of MscL.
  • Demonstrated the framework's ability to analyze mechanical responses and gating behaviors.
  • Provided a computationally efficient and versatile protocol.

Conclusions:

  • The continuum mechanics framework offers valuable insights into mechanosensitive channel function.
  • This approach can be applied to various mechanobiology problems.
  • Future simulation studies can be improved using this protocol.