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Related Concept Videos

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
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Rotigotine transdermal patch: in restless legs syndrome.

Claudine M Baldwin1, Gillian M Keating

  • 1Wolters Kluwer Health | Adis, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

CNS Drugs
|September 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Transdermal rotigotine effectively treats moderate to severe restless legs syndrome (RLS) in adults. This dopamine agonist demonstrated significant symptom improvement and was well-tolerated in clinical trials.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder causing an irresistible urge to move the legs.
  • Idiopathic RLS affects adults with moderate to severe symptoms, impacting quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of transdermal rotigotine for moderate to severe RLS in adults.
  • To assess long-term symptom management and potential for augmentation with rotigotine treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Two 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trials investigated transdermal rotigotine (1-3 mg/24 h).
  • Symptom severity was measured using the International RLS Study Group Severity Rating Scale (IRLS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scales.
  • A 3-year open-label extension trial assessed long-term outcomes and tolerability.

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Main Results:

  • Transdermal rotigotine significantly reduced IRLS sum scores and CGI severity ratings compared to placebo.
  • Over 50% of patients achieved treatment response based on IRLS and CGI criteria.
  • Symptom improvement was sustained long-term, with generally good tolerability and a low risk of augmentation.

Conclusions:

  • Transdermal rotigotine is an effective treatment for moderate to severe RLS in adults.
  • The treatment demonstrates sustained efficacy and favorable tolerability, with a low incidence of augmentation.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of continuous dopaminergic stimulation on augmentation.