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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Human Genetics01:28

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Imaging genetics in ADHD: a focus on cognitive control.

Sarah Durston1, Patrick de Zeeuw, Wouter G Staal

  • 1Neuroimaging Laboratory, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands. S.Durston@umcutrecht.nl

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|September 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Neuroimaging of cognitive control serves as a valuable endophenotype for studying dopamine gene roles in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This approach helps link genetic factors to the neurobiology of ADHD.

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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with deficits in cognitive control.
  • Dopamine genes, such as DRD4 and DAT1, are implicated in ADHD.
  • Neuroimaging has elucidated the neurobiological underpinnings of cognitive control deficits in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of neuroimaging of cognitive control as an endophenotype for investigating dopamine gene associations in ADHD.
  • To review current genetic and neuroimaging approaches in ADHD research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of data-driven and theory-driven approaches in genetics and neuroimaging relevant to ADHD.
  • Analysis of imaging genetics studies in ADHD, focusing on candidate genes and brain regions.
  • Examination of studies linking cognitive control, dopamine circuits, and ADHD.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging of cognitive control effectively serves as an endophenotype for exploring dopamine gene effects in ADHD.
  • Imaging genetics studies have evolved from examining single genes across multiple brain areas to focusing on specific regions informed by gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging of cognitive control is a powerful tool for understanding the genetic basis of ADHD, particularly concerning dopamine pathways.
  • Integrated data- and theory-driven approaches in genetics and neuroimaging offer promising avenues for future ADHD research.