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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

Next-generation sequencing: applications beyond genomes.

Samuel Marguerat1, Brian T Wilhelm, Jürg Bähler

  • 1Cancer Research UK, Fission Yeast Functional Genomics Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK. jurg@sanger.ac.uk

Biochemical Society Transactions
|September 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation sequencing technologies enable rapid, cost-effective analysis of genomes and transcriptomes. These advancements are revolutionizing biological research and genomic studies, offering new insights into gene function.

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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
09:34

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
09:34

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • DNA sequencing has been pivotal in biological research for over 30 years.
  • Recent technological breakthroughs have dramatically improved sequencing speed, scale, and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and their applications.
  • To highlight the impact of NGS on genomic studies and understanding genome function.
  • To compare NGS data with traditional microarray-based assays.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging next-generation sequencing technologies.
  • Analysis of applications including whole genome and transcriptome sequencing.
  • Comparative analysis of sequencing-based versus microarray-based assays.

Main Results:

  • NGS allows direct, cost-effective sequencing of complex samples at unprecedented scale and speed.
  • Feasibility of sequencing not only static genomes but also dynamic transcriptomes under various conditions.
  • NGS assays are poised to supersede microarray-based assays.

Conclusions:

  • Next-generation sequencing is revolutionizing genomic studies.
  • These technologies offer powerful new approaches to understanding genome properties and functions.
  • Understanding the differences between NGS and microarray data is crucial for interpreting results.