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Related Concept Videos

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Multiomics Analysis of TMEM200A as a Pan-Cancer Biomarker
07:47

Multiomics Analysis of TMEM200A as a Pan-Cancer Biomarker

Published on: September 15, 2023

PI3K pathway alterations in cancer: variations on a theme.

T L Yuan1, L C Cantley

  • 1Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School and Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 2115, USA.

Oncogene
|September 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently altered in cancer. This review examines PI3K pathway alterations, their oncogenic roles, and tailored treatment strategies for PI3K-addicted tumors.

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Multiomics Analysis of TMEM200A as a Pan-Cancer Biomarker
07:47

Multiomics Analysis of TMEM200A as a Pan-Cancer Biomarker

Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently dysregulated in various cancers.
  • PI3K pathway alterations drive tumor growth and present therapeutic targets.
  • Numerous PI3K inhibitors are in clinical trials for PI3K-addicted cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the oncogenic mechanisms driven by PI3K pathway alterations.
  • To analyze the distinct and redundant roles of genetic alterations in key PI3K pathway nodes.
  • To propose targeted treatment strategies based on specific genetic lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PI3K pathway alterations in solid tumors.
  • Analysis of oncogenic properties associated with mutations/amplifications in PI3K pathway components.
  • Examination of clinical trial data for PI3K inhibitor efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Every major node in the PI3K pathway (receptor tyrosine kinases, PI3K subunits, AKT, PTEN) is frequently altered in cancer.
  • These alterations contribute to tumorigenesis through various mechanisms.
  • PI3K inhibitors show promise in treating cancers with specific PI3K pathway dependencies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the specific oncogenic roles of PI3K pathway alterations is crucial.
  • Tailored treatment strategies based on genetic profiles can optimize therapeutic outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complexity of PI3K pathway in cancer.