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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...

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Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
10:09

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

Published on: June 30, 2018

Binary and gray-scale patterning of chemical functionality on polymer films.

Linjie Li1, Meghan Driscoll, George Kumi

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a simple method for gray-scale polymer surface functionalization. This technique enables patterned fluorophore binding and peptide synthesis, showing biocompatibility with Dictyostelium discoideum.

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Soft Lithographic Functionalization and Patterning Oxide-free Silicon and Germanium

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

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Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

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Soft Lithographic Functionalization and Patterning Oxide-free Silicon and Germanium

Published on: December 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Surface functionalization is crucial for creating advanced materials.
  • Controlling surface chemistry with high resolution is challenging.
  • Existing methods often lack dynamic range or facile implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile gray-scale chemical functionalization technique for polymer surfaces.
  • To demonstrate the application of this technique for patterned biomolecule immobilization and synthesis.
  • To assess the biocompatibility of the functionalized surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • A novel gray-scale chemical functionalization approach for polymer surfaces.
  • Creation of amine-functionalized substrates.
  • Patterned immobilization of fluorophores.
  • Patterned synthesis of peptides.
  • Biocompatibility testing using Dictyostelium discoideum.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high dynamic range gray-scale chemical functionalization of polymer surfaces.
  • Successfully created amine-functionalized substrates for patterned applications.
  • Demonstrated patterned binding of fluorophores and patterned peptide synthesis.
  • Confirmed the biocompatibility of the functionalized substrates with Dictyostelium discoideum.

Conclusions:

  • The presented technique offers a versatile and efficient method for creating complex surface chemistries.
  • The functionalized polymer surfaces are suitable for applications in bio-patterning and peptide synthesis.
  • The demonstrated biocompatibility opens avenues for using these materials in biological studies and devices.