Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gellan gum/honey-based gels and hydrogels for cutaneous wound management.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Reproducible Brain Charts: An open data resource for mapping brain development and its associations with mental health.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Brain Charts for the Rhesus Macaque Lifespan.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Is the prefrontal cortex organized by supramodal or modality-specific sensory demands during adolescence?

Developmental cognitive neuroscience·2021
Same author

Corrigendum to "Lateralization of resting state networks and relationship to age and gender" [NeuroImage 104 (2015) 310-325].

NeuroImage·2017
Same author

Multimodal Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia: Description and Dissemination.

Neuroinformatics·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants
12:55

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants

Published on: December 26, 2013

The neural networks underlying auditory sensory gating.

A R Mayer1, F M Hanlon, A R Franco

  • 1The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. amayer@mrn.org

Neuroimage
|September 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients exhibit impaired sensory gating, failing to inhibit responses to repeated stimuli. This study reveals auditory and prefrontal cortex involvement in sensory gating, not the hippocampus.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents
09:13

A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents

Published on: May 3, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants
12:55

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants

Published on: December 26, 2013

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents
09:13

A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents

Published on: May 3, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Sensory gating deficits are a key electrophysiological finding in schizophrenia.
  • Previous studies implicated auditory cortex, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus, but non-invasive imaging has yielded inconsistent results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of sensory gating using event-related fMRI.
  • To examine differential brain network responses to identical and non-identical auditory stimuli pairs.

Main Methods:

  • Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • A modified sensory gating paradigm with identical and non-identical tone pairs.
  • Single-tone conditions to model hemodynamic responses (HRF) for control.

Main Results:

  • Sensory gating was primarily mediated by auditory and prefrontal cortex, with possible thalamic involvement.
  • The left auditory cortex showed preferential activation, suggesting a role in gating or novelty detection.
  • No significant hippocampal activation was observed during the gating task.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory and prefrontal cortices are key regions for sensory gating, challenging previous assumptions about hippocampal roles.
  • Left auditory cortex activity may differentiate stimuli requiring inhibition from those needing further processing.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the hippocampus's precise function in sensory gating mechanisms.