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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Recording scapular motion using an acromion marker cluster.

Carolien van Andel1, Kim van Hutten, Marielle Eversdijk

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. cj.vanandel@vumc.nl

Gait & Posture
|September 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measuring scapular movement during arm elevation can be challenging. This study introduces a lightweight acromion marker cluster (AMC) as a valid, non-invasive tool for assessing scapular kinematics in shoulder pathologies.

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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Shoulder complex disorders often involve altered scapular movement patterns.
  • Accurate measurement of scapular motion is crucial for diagnosis and treatment but remains challenging.
  • Non-invasive dynamic kinematic measurement methods are needed for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel, lightweight acromion marker cluster (AMC) for dynamic 3D scapular kinematic measurement.
  • To assess the accuracy and reliability of the AMC compared to a scapula locator (SL).
  • To determine the potential clinical utility of the AMC in evaluating shoulder pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a small, lightweight acromion marker cluster (AMC).
  • Comparison of AMC-derived scapular kinematics with simultaneous scapula locator (SL) recordings in various arm postures.
  • Assessment of test-retest variability for AMC placement.

Main Results:

  • The AMC generally underestimated scapular motion compared to the SL, with small absolute mean differences (max 8.4 degrees).
  • Differences were most pronounced in extreme positions, with maximum mean differences of 6 degrees or lower during humerus forward flexion and abduction.
  • Measurement errors were sensitive to the plane of movement, humerus elevation degree, and AMC re-placement.

Conclusions:

  • The acromion marker cluster (AMC) is a valid method for measuring scapular movement during arm elevation, suitable for use in shoulder pathologies.
  • Careful consideration of AMC placement and movement planes is necessary for accurate measurements.
  • Humerus elevation should not exceed 100 degrees when using the AMC for reliable scapular kinematic assessment.