Pyridyl derivatives of benzaldehyde as potential antisickling agents

Compounds that bind to sickle hemoglobin (Hb S) producing an allosteric shift to the high-affinity Hb S that does not polymerize are being developed to treat sickle cell anemia (SCA). In this study, three series of pyridyl derivatives of substituted benzaldehydes (Classes I-III) that combine structural features of two previously determined potent antisickling agents, vanillin and pyridoxal, were synthesized. When analyzed with normal human whole blood, the compounds form Schiff-base adducts with Hb and left shift the oxygen equilibrium curve (OEC) to the more soluble high-affinity Hb, more than vanillin or pyridoxal. Generally, Class-I compounds with an aromatic aldehyde located ortho to the pyridyl substituent are the most potent, followed by the Class-II compounds with the aldehyde at the meta-position. Class-III compounds with the aldehyde at the para position show the weakest activity. The structure-activity studies of these pyridyl derivatives of substituted benzaldehydes demonstrate significant allosteric potency that may be useful for treating SCA.