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Published on: November 28, 2018

A combined transcriptomic approach to analyse the dialogue between pseudorabies virus and porcine cells

L Flori, C Rogel-Gaillard, V Mariani

    Developments in Biologicals
    |September 27, 2008
    PubMed

    Insights

    Pseudorabies virus (PrV) infection in porcine cells downregulates immune genes, hindering antigen presentation. This study reveals how PrV evades host defenses by targeting specific cellular pathways during infection.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Pseudorabies virus (PrV), a porcine Alphaherpesvirus, serves as a model for studying virus-host interactions.
    • PrV exhibits tropism for mucous epithelial cells, making porcine PK15 cells a suitable model for in vitro studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the temporal changes in both viral and cellular gene expression during PrV infection of porcine PK15 cells.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms by which PrV modulates host cell responses and evades immune detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Simultaneous analysis of viral and cellular transcriptomes using a combined SLA/PrV cDNA microarray and porcine Qiagen-NRSP8 oligonucleotides microarray.
    • Real-time quantitative PCR was employed to validate gene expression levels.

    Main Results:

    • Viral gene expression increased significantly from 4 hours post-infection (PI), with most genes differentially expressed by 12 h PI.
    • No early global cellular shutoff was observed; however, many cellular genes were downregulated between 8 and 12 h PI, coinciding with the detection of UL41 transcripts.
    • Key genes in the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway (SLA-Ia, TAP1, TAP2, PSMB8, PSMB9) were downregulated, suggesting PrV actively inhibits antigen presentation.

    Conclusions:

    • PrV downregulates genes involved in the MHC class I pathway to prevent viral antigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
    • PrV infection also regulates genes associated with immune response, apoptosis, nucleic acid metabolism, and the cytoskeleton.
    • The combined transcriptomic approach effectively deciphers PrV's host immune evasion strategies and early cellular modifications.

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