Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

5.3K
Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
5.3K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

1.5K
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
1.5K
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

92
Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
92
Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis01:16

Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis

97
Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...
97
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

76
Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
76
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

57
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal...
57

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Editor's note.

Seminars in pediatric surgery·2025
Same author

How to Review a Surgical Scientific Paper: A Guide for Critical Appraisal.

Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches·2023
Same author

Addressing pediatric surgical health inequities through quality improvement efforts.

Seminars in pediatric surgery·2023
Same author

A novel machine-learning tool to identify community risk for firearm violence: The Firearm Violence Vulnerability Index.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2023
Same author

Social Vulnerability Index is strongly associated with urban pediatric firearm violence: An analysis of five major US cities.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2023
Same author

In-person vs. virtual conferences: Lessons learned and how to take advantage of the best of both worlds.

American journal of surgery·2022
Same journal

Dupilumab Emerges as an Effective Antibody Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

CAR T Cell Toxicities and Emerging Treatment Strategies.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: A Rapidly Evolving Landscape.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Accessibility of Somatic Genetic Testing for Cancer Treatment Decisions.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease: Updates in Pathophysiology and Management.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Revascularization for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Disproving the 45-Year-Old Concept of Hibernating Myocardium.

Annual review of medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
05:39

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: November 30, 2021

3.5K

Necrotizing enterocolitis.

Marion C W Henry1, R Lawrence Moss

  • 1Section of Pediatric Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.

Annual Review of Medicine
|September 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious neonatal condition with poorly understood causes. Identifying infants at high risk for NEC progression is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing mortality.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
09:11

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: June 8, 2022

2.2K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model
06:51

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model

Published on: July 28, 2023

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
05:39

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: November 30, 2021

3.5K
In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
09:11

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: June 8, 2022

2.2K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model
06:51

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model

Published on: July 28, 2023

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns.
  • The exact pathophysiology of NEC is not fully understood, but it is linked to an immature gut's inflammatory response to an unknown trigger.
  • Mortality rates for NEC have remained stagnant at 15%-25% over the past three decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of NEC.
  • To identify methods for predicting which infants are most likely to experience severe NEC progression.
  • To improve the management and outcomes for infants affected by NEC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NEC pathophysiology and clinical outcomes.
  • Analysis of data from recent randomized trials comparing surgical interventions.
  • Focus on current research into identifying high-risk infants.

Main Results:

  • While many NEC cases resolve with medical management, surgical intervention is associated with high mortality (30%-40%) and significant long-term morbidities.
  • Surgical approach does not appear to impact patient outcomes based on recent trials.
  • Identifying infants at risk for disease progression remains a critical challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into NEC pathogenesis is essential for developing targeted therapies.
  • Improved diagnostic tools are needed to identify infants at risk for NEC progression.
  • Reducing NEC-related mortality and morbidity requires a deeper understanding of its complex mechanisms.