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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 31, 2021

Endothelial differentiation of embryonic stem cells.

Alicia A Blancas¹, Nicholas E Lauer, Kara E McCloskey

¹Graduate Program in Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California at Merced, California, USA.

Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology

|September 27, 2008

Summary

Researchers developed a method to isolate vascular endothelial cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). This technique yields millions of cells for applications in cell therapy and tissue engineering.

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Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell-Like Cells with a Mature Immune Phenotype

Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell-Like Cells with a Mature Immune Phenotype

Published on: May 19, 2023

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Vascular biology
Regenerative medicine

Background:

Vascular progenitor cells hold promise for clinical applications like cell-based therapies and tissue engineering.
Efficient isolation of pure vascular endothelial cells from stem cells is crucial for these applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a method for isolating purified, proliferating vascular endothelial cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC).
To enable large-scale production of endothelial cells for research and therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

Utilized Flk-1 positive sorting to enrich for vascular progenitor cells.
Supplemented cell culture media with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF).
Employed a rigorous manual selection technique for purification and expansion of endothelial cells.

Main Results:

Successfully isolated purified, proliferating populations of vascular endothelial cells from mESC.
The in vitro derivation procedure yielded millions of cells at various differentiation stages.
Achieved up to 25 population doublings, demonstrating robust expansion potential.

Conclusions:

The described method provides a reliable way to obtain large quantities of endothelial cells from mESC.
This technique supports the advancement of cell-based therapies and tissue engineering strategies.
Purified vascular progenitor cells are essential for developing novel regenerative medicine approaches.