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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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Why Is Mumps Vaccine not Persistently Effective?

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Chikungunya: Unpronounceable, But Important.

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Why do we have a vaccine for measles, but not cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

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Smallpox Is Gone, but Not Forgotten.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
13:36

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

[New vaccination strategies].

Stanley A Plotkin1

  • 1Sanofi Pasteur, 4650 Wismer Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine
|September 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Vaccine development evolved from empirical methods to advanced molecular techniques. Modern vaccinology integrates immunology and genetic engineering for novel vaccine strategies and improved delivery.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology

Context:

  • Vaccination's history spans from Pasteur's work to modern advancements.
  • Early vaccine development relied on attenuation and inactivation of microbes.
  • Advances in understanding toxins and polysaccharides enabled new vaccines.

Purpose:

  • To review the historical progression of vaccine development.
  • To highlight the impact of molecular biology and genetic engineering on vaccinology.
  • To outline current and future trends in vaccine research and application.

Summary:

  • Classical vaccine methods continue to evolve alongside new molecular approaches.
  • Current trends include reassortant viruses, gene recombination, viral vectors, and DNA plasmids.

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
13:36

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
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Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

  • Emerging strategies like reverse vaccinology and novel delivery systems are transforming vaccine design.

    • Impact:

    • The integration of basic immunology is significantly advancing vaccinology.
    • New adjuvants and delivery methods aim to enhance immune responses.
    • The future of vaccination holds significant promise for disease prevention.