Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable options,...

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the anxiety of...

Associative Learning

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Running virtual reality experiments online: A brief introduction and tutorial.

Behavior research methods·2026

Same author

Effects of Age on Resting-State Cortical Networks.

Human brain mapping·2026

Same author

Neural Signatures of Flexible Temporal Orienting under Spatial and Motor Uncertainty.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026

Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025

Same author

Divergence of cortical neurophysiology across different neurodegenerative disorders compared to healthy ageing.

Progress in neurobiology·2025

Same author

Alzheimer's disease and its progression reduce pyramidal cell gain and connectivity.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

Anticipating conflict facilitates controlled stimulus-response selection.

Angel Correa¹, Anling Rao, Anna C Nobre

¹Universidad de Granada, Spain. act@ugr.es

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

|October 1, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Proactive control, triggered by cues predicting conflict, speeds up cognitive processes. This anticipatory mechanism, measured using event-related potentials (ERPs), enhances conflict detection and resolution.

More Related Videos

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology

Background:

Cognitive control can be reactive, influenced by prior conflict (sequential effects).
The potential for proactive control, anticipating future conflict via cues, remains less understood.
The conflict-monitoring model suggests proactive control modulates neural activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if proactive control, triggered by conflict-predicting cues, modulates neural activity.
To differentiate proactive control from reactive sequential effects using high-temporal-resolution ERPs.
To clarify why anticipatory effects are rarely found in neuroimaging studies.

Main Methods:

Utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) for high temporal resolution.
Employed a cued flanker task with informative and neutral cues.
Controlled for sequential effects by analyzing previous trial congruency.

Main Results:

Cueing conflict accelerated conflict resolution and reduced N2 latency.
Frontal N1 and P3 potentials were also modulated by conflict cueing.
Cueing effects were more pronounced after congruent trials, indicating neural overlap between proactive and reactive control.

Conclusions:

Proactive control, by anticipating conflict, speeds up conflict detection and resolution.
High temporal resolution of ERPs is crucial for observing proactive control effects.
Anticipatory mechanisms may involve preactivation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).