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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

Regulation of beta cell replication.

Ying C Lee1, Jens Høiriis Nielsen

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Building 6.5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|October 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Beta cell mass regulation involves replication, influenced by cell cycle regulators like cyclins and menin. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in human beta cells.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Beta cell mass is dynamically regulated by proliferation, differentiation, hypertrophy, atrophy, and apoptosis.
  • Nutrients, hormones, growth factors, and signaling intermediates are implicated in beta cell mass regulation.
  • Genetic studies in rodents highlight the role of cell cycle regulators in beta cell replication and growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight aspects of cell cycle regulation in beta cell replication.
  • To discuss the known mechanisms governing beta cell mass.
  • To explore the role of specific molecules in beta cell growth and replication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cell cycle regulation and beta cell replication.

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Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

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  • Analysis of findings from genetic mouse model studies.
  • Discussion of signaling pathways and molecular players involved.

    • Main Results:

    • Cell cycle regulators, including cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, are involved in beta cell replication.
    • Menin, in conjunction with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, plays a role in beta cell growth.
    • Rodent models provide significant insights into beta cell replication mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Cell cycle regulation is a key factor in beta cell replication.
    • Findings from rodent models suggest conserved mechanisms but require validation in human beta cells.
    • Further investigation is necessary to translate these findings to human beta cell biology.