Expression of both oestrogen receptor alpha and beta in human skeletal muscle tissue

There are two oestrogen receptors (ERs), ERalpha and ERbeta. ERbeta protein is expressed in human skeletal muscle in the nuclei of both myofibres and endothelial cells, whether ERalpha protein is present in this tissue is unknown. We studied the expression of ERalpha protein in human skeletal muscle biopsies taken from vastus lateralis from four men, four women, two children and two postmenopausal women. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the proportions of nuclei that were positively stained for ERalpha, the proportion of ERalpha-positive nuclei located in the muscle fibres and in capillaries and to test for possible co-expression of ERalpha and ERbeta. Both ERs were expressed in all subjects. Of all nuclei, 63% stained for ERalpha with no sex difference. ERalpha was localised both in myofibres and in endothelial cells of the capillaries, 25% of the ERalpha-positive nuclei were located in the capillaries. ERalpha and ERbeta were generally expressed in the same nuclei. The present study shows for the first time the expression of ERalpha protein in human skeletal muscle independently of age and sex. These results might improve understanding of the physiological role of oestrogen in human skeletal muscle and raise new questions about activation of ERs in skeletal muscle.