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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

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Published on: August 25, 2014
Exposure to active and passive smoking during pregnancy and severe small for gestational age at term
Guglielmina Fantuzzi1, Valentina Vaccaro, Gabriella Aggazzotti
1Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. facchi@unimore.it
Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between active smoking as well as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and severe small for gestational age (SGA) at term in a sample of pregnant Italian women.
Methods:
A case-control study was conducted in nine cities in Italy between October 1999 and September 2000. Cases of severe SGA were singleton, live born, at term children with a birth weight
Results:
Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a relationship between active smoking during pregnancy and severe SGA (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-3.68). ETS exposure was associated with severe SGA (adjusted OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.59-3.95) with a dose-response relationship to the number of smokers in the home.
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