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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research
07:48

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research

Published on: November 26, 2015

Statistical issues in translational cancer research.

Stephen L George1

  • 1Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Statistical Center, 2424 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705, USA. stephen.george@duke.edu

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|October 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Translational research in cancer aims to apply biological insights to clinical practice. Sound statistical principles are crucial for effective assay development, model validation, and clinical trial design in targeted cancer therapies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research
07:48

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research

Published on: November 26, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Translational Medicine
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Advances in cancer biology and genetics fuel optimism for clinical applications.
  • Translational research is evident in drug discovery, diagnostics, and personalized medicine.
  • Premature clinical application of preliminary findings poses a risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of statistical principles for translational cancer research.
  • To guide efficient and effective translation of knowledge into clinical practice.
  • To address the application of these principles in assay development, predictive model validation, and clinical trial design.

Main Methods:

  • Review of statistical principles relevant to translational research.
  • Discussion of methodologies for assay development and validation.
  • Exploration of statistical considerations for clinical trial design in targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • Highlights the importance of robust statistical methodologies.
  • Emphasizes the need for rigorous validation of predictive models.
  • Outlines key considerations for designing clinical trials for targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Sound statistical principles are essential for successful translational cancer research.
  • Appropriate study design and analysis maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of translating discoveries.
  • This framework supports the reliable clinical application of cancer research findings.