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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

An intervention to decrease narcotic-related adverse drug events in children's hospitals.

Paul J Sharek1, Richard E McClead, Carol Taketomo

  • 1Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA. psharek@lpch.org

Pediatrics
|October 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Collaborative quality improvement significantly reduced narcotic-related adverse drug events in hospitalized children by 67%. This initiative also decreased constipation and automated dispensing overrides, improving pediatric patient safety.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Patient Safety
  • Healthcare Quality Improvement
  • Pharmacovigilance

Background:

  • Narcotic-related adverse drug events (ADEs) are a significant concern in hospitalized children.
  • Previous studies focused on individual interventions, but large-scale collaborative efforts to reduce pediatric narcotic ADEs were lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of implementing expert panel-defined best practices on narcotic-related ADE rates across a collaborative of children's hospitals.
  • To assess the effectiveness of a quality improvement collaborative in reducing pediatric narcotic-related adverse drug events.

Main Methods:

  • A quality improvement collaborative involving 14 children's hospitals was established.
  • Hospitals implemented at least one expert-recommended intervention to reduce narcotic-related ADEs.
  • Narcotic-related ADE rates were compared between baseline and post-implementation periods.

Main Results:

  • Median narcotic-related ADE rates decreased by 67% across the collaborative.
  • Constipation rates declined by 68.9%.
  • Automated drug-dispensing-device overrides for narcotics decreased from 10.18% to 5.91%.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing expert-recommended interventions in a collaborative setting significantly reduced narcotic-related ADEs in pediatric hospitals.
  • The quality improvement initiative successfully lowered constipation and automated dispensing overrides, enhancing patient safety.