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Related Concept Videos

Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
Air-entraining Agents01:27

Air-entraining Agents

Air-entraining agents improve the durability and workability of concrete in climates with frequent freezing and thawing. These agents prevent cracks by introducing small air bubbles into the mix, creating spaces accommodating water expansion when temperatures drop. The air-entraining agents lower the surface tension of water, forming stable, small air bubbles. This method is more effective than having accidental large voids, as the intentional, smaller, and evenly distributed air voids improve...

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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Whole utterance approaches in AAC.

John Todman1, Norman Alm, Jeff Higginbotham

  • 1University of Dundee, Scotland, UK. j.todman@dundee.ac.uk

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (Baltimore, Md. : 1985)
|October 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Utterance-based devices (UBDs) can increase communication speed for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) users. Studies show UBDs enhance conversational rate and perceived competence compared to word construction systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Speech and Language Technology

Background:

  • Increasing communication rate is a primary goal for AAC users and manufacturers.
  • Utterance-based approaches (UBDs) show promise for faster, coherent communication.
  • Historical development and theoretical origins of UBDs are crucial for understanding advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the historical development of UBDs.
  • To examine the causal relationship between conversational rate and positive attributions.
  • To compare the performance of UBDs against word construction systems in office environments.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of utterance-based devices and their theoretical underpinnings.
  • Analysis of recent studies investigating the link between conversational rate and user perceptions.
  • Direct comparison of a UBD and a word construction system in a mixed-task office setting.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a causal relationship between conversational rate and positive attributions.
  • In office environments, UBDs led to higher conversational rates compared to word construction systems.
  • Perceived communicative competence was also significantly higher when using UBDs.

Conclusions:

  • Utterance-based devices offer a viable pathway to enhanced communication speed and user confidence in AAC.
  • The findings support the efficacy of UBDs in both transactional and social communication contexts.
  • Future development of UBDs should focus on further optimizing these benefits for AAC users.