[Anemia as a public health problem: the current situation]

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Global Health

Context:

• The United Nations set a goal in 1990 to reduce anemia in women of childbearing age by one-third.
• Epidemiological data indicate a global increase in anemia prevalence, contradicting established public health targets.
• Anemia remains a widespread and ancient disease affecting human populations worldwide.

Purpose:

• To highlight the discrepancy between global anemia reduction goals and current epidemiological trends.
• To underscore the persistent and increasing prevalence of anemia globally, including in regions like Brazil.
• To identify critical unanswered questions regarding anemia's prevalence, causes, and the effectiveness of interventions.

Summary:

• Despite a 1990 United Nations goal for a one-third reduction, anemia prevalence among women of childbearing age is increasing globally.
• Epidemiological indicators show a rise in anemia, demonstrating its continued status as a major public health challenge since antiquity.
• The study raises questions about the true extent of the problem, its underlying causes, and the efficacy of current control strategies.

Impact:

• Highlights the urgent need for updated and effective anemia control strategies.
• Emphasizes the importance of further research into the etiopathogenesis and prevalence of anemia.
• Underscores the public health significance of anemia as a persistent global disease.