The aging male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: pulsatility and feedback

Johannes D Veldhuis1, Daniel M Keenan, Peter Y Liu

  • 1Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Steet SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. veldhuis.johannes@mayo.edu

Summary

Aging impairs the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review uses mathematical models to analyze integrative adaptations in aging males, focusing on hormonal signaling dynamics.

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