Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Microbiome of the Eye

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

Inflammatory Response

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Author Correction: Commensal microflora-induced T cell responses mediate progressive neurodegeneration in glaucoma.

Nature communications·2018

Same author

Commensal microflora-induced T cell responses mediate progressive neurodegeneration in glaucoma.

Nature communications·2018

Same author

Invariant natural killer T cells play dual roles in the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.

Experimental eye research·2016

Same author

DC-SIGN(+) Macrophages Control the Induction of Transplantation Tolerance.

Immunity·2015

Same author

Immune privilege and the philosophy of immunology.

Frontiers in immunology·2014

Same author

Mechanisms of immune privilege in the posterior eye.

International reviews of immunology·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

Immune regulation and the eye.

Joan Stein-Streilein¹

¹Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA. joan.stein@schepens.harvard.edu

Trends in Immunology

|October 8, 2008

Summary

The eye maintains vision by suppressing inflammation through active immune regulation. This immune privilege induces systemic tolerance, similar to oral tolerance in the gut.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

The eye is an immune-privileged site crucial for maintaining the visual pathway.
It defends against pathogens by employing immune responses that minimize inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying immune tolerance induction in the eye.
To explore the parallels between ocular immune tolerance and gut-induced oral tolerance.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on ocular immunology and tolerance.
Analysis of cellular and molecular pathways involved in immune suppression within the eye.
Comparison of immune tolerance mechanisms in the eye and gut.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

Published on: June 7, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

Published on: June 7, 2017

The eye utilizes active processes like local immunosuppression, soluble factors, and Fas-FasL-induced apoptosis.
Pigment epithelial cells employ unique suppressive mechanisms.
Antigen exposure in the eye leads to specific systemic tolerization.

Conclusions:

Ocular immune privilege is maintained through sophisticated active immune regulatory processes.
The eye's tolerance induction mechanisms share similarities with gut-induced peripheral tolerance.
Understanding these mechanisms is key to managing ocular inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.