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Related Concept Videos

Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Circular Shafts - Elastoplastic Materials01:24

Circular Shafts - Elastoplastic Materials

The study of solid circular shafts under stress shows that within the elastic limit, stress increases directly to the distance from the shaft's center. This relationship holds until the shaft reaches a critical point of stress, beyond which it begins to yield, marking the transition from elastic to plastic deformation. At this crucial juncture, the maximum torque the shaft can endure without permanent deformation is determined, signifying the limit of its elastic behavior.
As torque on the...
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading01:15

Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading

Understanding beam deflection, particularly for indeterminate beams with overhanging segments and multiple concentrated loads, is crucial for ensuring structural integrity and functionality. The process begins with constructing an accurate free-body diagram, which helps identify the forces and moments acting on the beam. This diagram is vital for visualizing how bending moments vary along the beam's length, influencing its curvature.
The insights from the bending moment diagram extend to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats
05:34

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

Published on: May 20, 2019

Managing flexion knee deformity using a circular frame.

Gamal Ahmed Hosny1, Mohamed Fadel

  • 1Benha Faculty of Medicine, 53, Misr Helwan Agricultural Street, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt. gamalahosny@yahoo.com

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|October 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gradual correction of knee flexion deformities using the Ilizarov external fixator effectively restored mobility. This method improved walking ability in most nonambulatory patients, demonstrating its value for complex knee contractures.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats
05:34

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In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
07:33

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Published on: May 5, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomechanical engineering

Background:

  • Knee flexion deformity significantly impairs physical function.
  • Acute correction methods carry risks of serious complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of gradual correction for knee flexion contractures using the Ilizarov external fixator.
  • To assess clinical and radiographic outcomes and complications.

Main Methods:

  • Ilizarov external fixator used for gradual correction in 50 patients (71 knees).
  • No soft tissue release performed; osteotomy used in fused knees.
  • Clinical and radiographic assessments included range of motion, stability, pain, and healing index.

Main Results:

  • 18 of 20 nonambulatory patients with bilateral deformities became ambulatory post-treatment.
  • Mean follow-up was 3.7 years.
  • Complications included pin tract infections (all patients), subluxation (3 patients), and fractures (7 patients).

Conclusions:

  • Gradual correction with the Ilizarov circular frame is effective for knee flexion contractures.
  • Significant functional improvement, including ambulation, can be expected in patients with bilateral deformities.