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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of cuboidal...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

An Ex Vivo Model of Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis Using Human Omentum
05:42

An Ex Vivo Model of Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis Using Human Omentum

Published on: January 26, 2024

Ovarian cancer.

Kathleen R Cho1, Ie-Ming Shih

  • 1Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. kathcho@umich.edu

Annual Review of Pathology
|October 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ovarian carcinomas are diverse, with distinct molecular drivers for different subtypes and grades. Mouse models aid in understanding ovarian cancer biology and testing targeted therapies for improved patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Ovarian carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms.
  • Current clinical management does not fully account for this heterogeneity.
  • Distinct genetic defects deregulate specific signaling pathways in tumor cells of different histological types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the distinct molecular pathogenesis of low-grade versus high-grade ovarian tumors.
  • To introduce the utility of mouse models in studying ovarian cancer.
  • To emphasize the potential of these models for preclinical testing of targeted therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of ovarian carcinoma heterogeneity.
  • Development of mouse models that recapitulate human ovarian cancer subtypes.
  • Analysis of morphological features, biological behavior, and gene-expression patterns in models.

Main Results:

  • Ovarian carcinomas exhibit significant heterogeneity at the histological and molecular levels.
  • Low-grade and high-grade tumors within common histological types have distinct molecular pathogenesis.
  • Developed mouse models accurately reflect key aspects of selected human ovarian cancer subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the molecular heterogeneity of ovarian cancer is crucial.
  • Mouse models are valuable tools for investigating ovarian cancer biology.
  • Targeted therapeutics tested in preclinical models may improve clinical outcomes for ovarian cancer patients.