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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Control of Cell Adhesion using Hydrogel Patterning Techniques for Applications in Traction Force Microscopy
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Control of Cell Adhesion using Hydrogel Patterning Techniques for Applications in Traction Force Microscopy

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Spatially controlled bacterial adhesion using surface-patterned poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels.

Peter Krsko1, Jeffrey B Kaplan, Matthew Libera

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.

Acta Biomaterialia
|October 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers created patterned hydrogels using electron beams to control bacterial adhesion. Highly crosslinked hydrogels promoted bacterial growth, while lightly crosslinked ones repelled bacteria, enabling spatial control of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels are widely used in biomedical applications.
  • Controlling bacterial adhesion is crucial for preventing infections and developing effective biomaterials.
  • Existing methods for patterning hydrogels can be complex and lack spatial precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for creating surface-patterned hydrogels with controlled swelling properties.
  • To investigate the adhesion and growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis on patterned hydrogels.
  • To demonstrate the spatial control of bacterial adhesion using patterned hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of surface-patterned hydrogels using low-energy focused electron beams for local crosslinking of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) thin films on silanized glass substrates.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

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  • Utilizing electron-beam lithography to achieve precise spatial positioning and control over hydrogel swelling degrees.
  • Employing Staphylococcus epidermidis as a model bacterium to assess adhesion and growth on different hydrogel surfaces.

    • Main Results:

    • Bacterial cells adhered to and grew on silanized glass substrates.
    • Bacterial cells did not adhere to high-swelling, lightly crosslinked PEG hydrogels, consistent with PEG's cell-repulsive properties.
    • Bacterial cells did adhere to low-swelling, highly crosslinked hydrogels.
    • Precise spatial control of bacterial adhesion was achieved by patterning repulsive hydrogels with adhesive hydrogels or exposed glass.
    • Fabrication of adhesive areas small enough to trap single bacterial cells was successful.
    • Lateral confinement by cell-repulsive hydrogels hindered bacterial proliferation and colony development.

    Conclusions:

    • Electron-beam lithography offers a precise method for fabricating surface-patterned hydrogels with tunable swelling properties.
    • The swelling degree of PEG hydrogels dictates their interaction with Staphylococcus epidermidis, with high swelling leading to repulsion and low swelling promoting adhesion.
    • Patterned hydrogels can be used to spatially control bacterial adhesion and growth, with potential applications in preventing biofilm formation and developing novel antimicrobial surfaces.