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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
The Endocrine System01:29

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that every...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Update in endocrine autoimmunity.

Mark S Anderson1

  • 1University of California-San Francisco Diabetes Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0540, USA. manderson@diabetes.ucsf.edu

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|October 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances enhance understanding and treatment of autoimmune endocrine diseases. Genetic discoveries and new therapies offer improved outcomes for patients with these complex conditions.

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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
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Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
10:10

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Published on: November 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The endocrine system is frequently affected by autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune endocrine disorders have advanced recently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent progress in understanding the genetic factors, autoantigens, and therapeutic strategies for autoimmune endocrine diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent genetic studies, including large-scale genetic association studies.
  • Analysis of research on monogenic autoimmune diseases with endocrine phenotypes.
  • Examination of developments in identifying autoantigens and creating animal models.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in identifying genetic factors beyond the human leukocyte antigen locus.
  • Elucidation of key regulators in immune tolerance maintenance through studies of specific syndromes.
  • Identification of novel autoantigens and development of new animal models for endocrine autoimmunity research.
  • Emerging therapeutic agents targeting the underlying autoimmune processes are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advancements in genetics and immunology are improving the outlook for patients with autoimmune endocrine disorders.
  • Despite complex etiologies, new insights promise better patient outcomes and risk management.