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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Reactions02:06

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Overview
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Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...

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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
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A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation

Published on: March 24, 2023

Protein contact dermatitis: allergens, pathogenesis, and management.

Cheryl Levin1, Erin Warshaw

  • 1University of Minnesota-Dermatology, Mayo Mail Code 98, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0392, USA. cllevin@gmail.com

Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug
|October 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Protein contact dermatitis is an allergic skin reaction to animal or plant proteins. Diagnosis can be challenging, but immediate reactions and positive scratch tests aid identification.

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A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Published on: September 26, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Protein contact dermatitis is an allergic skin reaction.
  • It is triggered by animal or plant proteins.
  • Clinical differentiation from other eczematous dermatoses can be difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical presentation and diagnostic features of protein contact dermatitis.
  • To explore potential pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • To outline management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observation and case review.
  • Diagnostic testing including patch tests, scratch tests, and prick tests.
  • Review of immunological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Characterized by chronic dermatitis with acute flares (pruritus, urticaria, edema, vesiculation) minutes after allergen contact.
  • Patch tests are typically negative.
  • Scratch or prick tests are usually positive.

Conclusions:

  • Protein contact dermatitis presents unique diagnostic challenges.
  • Pathogenesis may involve immediate (Type I IgE) and/or delayed (Type IV) hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Allergen avoidance is the primary management strategy.