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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

The development and impact of 454 sequencing.

Jonathan M Rothberg1, John H Leamon

  • 1Rothberg Institute for Childhood Diseases, Guilford, Connecticut 06437, USA. jrothberg@childhooddiseases.org

Nature Biotechnology
|October 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The 454 Sequencer significantly boosted DNA sequencing volume and accessibility. This next-generation technology democratized genomics, enabling new research and potentially personalized genomics.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The 454 Sequencer platform revolutionized DNA sequencing capabilities.
  • Advancements included higher throughput and simplified in vitro sample preparation.
  • Miniaturization of sequencing chemistries enabled massively parallel reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of the 454 Sequencer on scientific research.
  • To discuss the democratization of sequencing technologies.
  • To explore the potential of 454 sequencing for future applications.

Main Methods:

  • The 454 platform utilizes pyrosequencing technology.
  • Key innovations include emulsion PCR and detection of pyrophosphate release.
  • Massively parallel sequencing reactions are performed.

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Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
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Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

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Guided Protocol for Fecal Microbial Characterization by 16S rRNA-Amplicon Sequencing
08:05

Guided Protocol for Fecal Microbial Characterization by 16S rRNA-Amplicon Sequencing

Published on: March 19, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Guided Protocol for Fecal Microbial Characterization by 16S rRNA-Amplicon Sequencing
08:05

Guided Protocol for Fecal Microbial Characterization by 16S rRNA-Amplicon Sequencing

Published on: March 19, 2018

Main Results:

  • Increased DNA sequencing volume and expanded research applications.
  • Enabled the first non-Sanger sequencing of an individual human genome.
  • Facilitated new approaches for small RNA identification.

Conclusions:

  • The 454 platform democratized sequencing, providing wider access to high-capacity sequencing.
  • Further cost reduction and ease of use are crucial for next-generation technologies.
  • Principles of 454 sequencing may enable personalized genomics in the future.