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Injuries from roadside improvised explosive devices.

Arul Ramasamy1, Stuart E Harrisson, Jon C Clasper

  • 1Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, ICT Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom. arul49@doctors.org.uk

The Journal of Trauma
|October 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs), particularly explosive formed projectiles (EFPs), caused significant casualties among coalition forces in Iraq. EFP-IEDs result in unique injury patterns, with blast injuries being uncommon, but catastrophic wounding for those directly hit.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma surgery
  • Military medicine
  • Ballistics

Background:

  • Coalition forces in Iraq faced widespread improvised explosive device (IED) use.
  • IEDs were the primary cause of death and injury for coalition troops.
  • Maintaining stability and supporting local security forces were key objectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the characteristics of casualties injured by IEDs in Iraq.
  • To identify the types of IEDs used and their injury patterns.
  • To evaluate the outcomes and recovery of injured military personnel.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection on 100 consecutive casualties from January 2006.
  • Recording mechanism of injury, NISS, ICD-9 diagnosis, wounding patterns, and operative management.
  • Analysis of weapon incident reports to determine IED types, specifically explosive formed projectile (EFP).

Main Results:

  • 53 casualties were injured by IEDs in 23 incidents, with 91.3% being EFP-IEDs.
  • 12 casualties (22.6%) died from their wounds.
  • Primary blast injuries were rare (3.8%), but EFP-IEDs caused severe, localized trauma.

Conclusions:

  • EFP-IED injuries differ from conventional high explosive injuries, with fewer primary blast effects.
  • Personnel directly in the EFP's path sustained catastrophic injuries, while adjacent personnel had minor injuries.
  • Enhanced vehicle protection is recommended to mitigate EFP-IED fatalities.