Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
Published on: August 2, 2019
Thermodynamics and bulk viscosity of approximate black hole duals to finite temperature quantum chromodynamics
Steven S Gubser1, Abhinav Nellore, Silviu S Pufu
1Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. ssgubser@Princeton.edu
Abstract:
We consider classes of translationally invariant black hole solutions whose equations of state closely resemble that of QCD at zero chemical potential. We use these backgrounds to compute the ratio zeta/s of bulk viscosity to entropy density. For a class of black holes that exhibits a first-order transition, we observe a sharp rise in zeta/s near Tc. For constructions that exhibit a smooth crossover, like QCD does, the rise in zeta/s is more modest. We conjecture that divergences in zeta/s for black hole horizons are related to extrema of the entropy density as a function of temperature.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Calculation of First-Law Quantities II
Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
The relation between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape velocity with the...
Calculation of First Law Quantities I

