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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics
09:10

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

Published on: April 24, 2014

Self-aligned non-dispersive external cavity tunable laser.

Christophe Moser1, Lawrence Ho, Frank Havermeyer

  • 1Ondax, Inc, 850 E. Duarte Road, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA. moser@ondax.com

Optics Express
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel self-aligned external cavity laser (ECL) using volume holographic gratings (VHG) offers tunable, single-frequency operation. This cost-effective laser technology is demonstrated with various laser diodes.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Laser Physics
  • Holography

Background:

  • External cavity lasers (ECLs) are crucial for tunable, single-frequency light sources.
  • Traditional ECLs often require complex alignment, increasing manufacturing costs.
  • Volume holographic gratings (VHGs) offer unique properties for optical system design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, self-aligned non-dispersive external cavity laser (ECL) utilizing thick volume holographic gratings (VHGs).
  • To demonstrate the tunability and single-frequency operation of the VHG-based ECL with different laser diode types.
  • To assess the potential for reduced assembly costs due to the passive alignment feature.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a self-aligned ECL system incorporating a thick volume holographic grating (VHG).
  • Experimental testing of the ECL with single-mode laser diodes at 405 nm and 785 nm.
  • Evaluation of the ECL's performance with high-power broad-area laser diodes near 780 nm.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of tunable, single-frequency operation at 405 nm and 785 nm using the VHG-based ECL.
  • Experimental validation of the tunable ECL concept with broad-area laser diodes.
  • The self-aligned, non-dispersive design shows promise for simplified assembly.

Conclusions:

  • The novel self-aligned VHG-based ECL provides a tunable, single-frequency laser source.
  • This technology is compatible with both single-mode and broad-area laser diodes.
  • The passive alignment is expected to significantly reduce the manufacturing costs of tunable ECLs.