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Normative values for visual fields in 4- to 12-year-old children using kinetic perimetry
1Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pa 19104.
Insights
This study provides normative visual field data for children aged 4-12 years. Adult visual field size is typically achieved around 11.6 years of age.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Optometry
- Visual Science
Background:
- Establishing normative visual field data is crucial for diagnosing visual impairments in children.
- Kinetic perimetry is a valuable tool for assessing visual field extent in pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish normative kinetic visual field data for children aged 4 to 12 years.
- To determine the age at which adult-like visual field size is achieved in children.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a double arc perimeter with a 6-degree target for kinetic perimetry.
- Collected data from 84 children (ages 4, 5, 7, 10) and 21 adults, all with normal eye examinations.
- Measured mean visual field extent along four meridians for each eye in all age groups.
Main Results:
- Mean visual field extent increased with age across all measured meridians.
- Significant positive correlation observed between age and visual field size.
- Specific mean visual field extents reported for 4-year-olds (e.g., 59°, 48°, 52°, 85° at 45°, 135°, 225°, 315° meridians, right eye).
Conclusions:
- Visual field size in children shows a continuous growth pattern up to approximately 11.6 years of age.
- These normative data aid in the assessment of visual development and detection of visual field abnormalities in children.
- The findings provide a benchmark for pediatric visual field development.
Abstract:
We report normative data for 4- to 12-year-old children using a kinetic perimetry technique that employs a double arc perimeter with a 6-degree target designed for use with infants and children. The subject population consisted of 84 children in four age groups (4, 5, 7, and 10 yrs) and 21 adults as comparison subjects. Individuals had eye examinations to rule out causes of abnormal visual fields. Mean visual field size was determined separately for the right and left eyes in each age group. In the 4-year-old group, the mean extent of visual field along each of the four meridians for the right eye was 59, 48, 52, and 85 degrees of arc for radial meridians orientation set at 45, 135, 225, and 315 meridians, respectively. The visual field extent in each quadrant generally increased with age. The overall extent of field as measured along the four meridians for all subject groups increased significantly with the age, indicating a continued growth of visual field size in older children. These data suggest that adult visual field size is achieved at about 11.6 years of age.