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Gender differences in cardiac rehabilitation patients
Summary
Men with coronary artery disease showed better physical tolerance and lower anxiety than women entering cardiac rehabilitation. Women’s lower participation and adherence rates warrant further investigation in cardiac rehab programs.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Rehabilitation Medicine
- Psychology
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects millions globally.
- Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is crucial for recovery and secondary prevention.
- Underrepresentation of women in CR programs is a recognized issue.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate gender disparities in CR.
- To assess differences in anxiety, self-efficacy, activity tolerance, and adherence between men and women with CAD.
- To compare CR participation and outcomes by gender.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 101 patients with CAD (80 males, 21 females) admitted to phase II CR centers were assessed.
- Evaluated outcomes included anxiety levels, self-efficacy, physical activity tolerance, and adherence to CR sessions.
- Demographic and diagnostic data were collected for comparative analysis.
Main Results:
- Women were 20% less represented in CR than expected based on CAD morbidity.
- Men reported significantly higher activity tolerance and lower anxiety upon CR admission.
- Men demonstrated greater self-efficacy for exercise and daily living activities compared to women.
- During the initial month, 33% of women and 24% of men missed one or more CR sessions.
Conclusions:
- Significant gender differences exist in psychological and functional aspects of CR for patients with CAD.
- Lower participation and adherence rates in women suggest potential barriers within CR programs.
- Addressing these gender-specific challenges is vital to optimize CR effectiveness for all patients.