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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
David L Steward1, Todd C Huntley, B Tucker Woodson
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. David.Steward@uc.edu
Pillar palate implants showed some efficacy for mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), improving certain measures over placebo. However, overall effectiveness was limited, indicating a need for further research in OSA treatment.
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