Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Characteristics of Practical Op Amps

Characteristics of Practical Op Amps

A difference amplifier, a crucial component in numerous electronic devices, ideally amplifies only the difference-mode signal, which is the difference between two input signals. However, in practical circuits, the output voltage depends on both the differential gain and the common-mode gain.
The ratio of differential gain to the common-mode gain is defined as the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). This ratio quantifies the ability of operational amplifiers (op-amps) to reject common-mode...

Gain

Gain

Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.

Characteristics of OpAmp

Characteristics of OpAmp

The operational amplifier, commonly known as an op-amp, is a specially designed electronic circuit component. Its purpose is to work in conjunction with other circuit elements to execute a defined signal-processing operation. Consider an equivalent circuit model of an op-amp, as depicted in Figure 1; the output section comprises a voltage-controlled source in parallel with the output resistance Ro.

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Effects of feedback

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...

Perception of Sound Waves

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Predicting perceived communication difficulty from behavioural measures during dyad conversations affected by noise or hearing attenuation.

International journal of audiology·2026

Same author

Association between route of furosemide administration and diuretic response in very preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Research square·2025

Same author

Chlorothiazide Is Associated with a Weaker Diuretic Response than Furosemide in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

American journal of perinatology·2025

Same author

Speech-in-Noise Ability and Signal to Noise Ratio Predict the Timing of Hearing-Impaired Listeners' Intertalker Saccades When Observing Conversational Turn-Taking: An Explorative Investigation.

Ear and hearing·2025

Same author

Flourishing as a highly sensitive person: a mixed method study on the role of nature connectedness and chaotic home environment.

Frontiers in psychology·2025

Same author

Building Strong Foundations: Nonrandomized Interventional Study of a Novel, Digitally Delivered Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults.

JMIR aging·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Variation in preferred gain with experience for hearing-aid users.

Gitte Keidser¹, Anna O'Brien, Lyndal Carter

¹National Acoustic Laboratories, Chatswood, Australia. gitte.keidser@nal.gov.au

International Journal of Audiology

|October 17, 2008

Summary

New hearing aid users adapt their gain preferences over time, especially those with greater hearing loss. This gain adaptation in hearing aid (HA) users suggests a need for management strategies.

More Related Videos

Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode

Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode

Published on: October 11, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode

Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode

Published on: October 11, 2024

Area of Science:

Audiology
Hearing Science
Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

Hearing aid (HA) fitting involves complex adjustments to optimize audibility.
Understanding gain adaptation in new HA users is crucial for effective rehabilitation.
Experienced users provide a benchmark for comparing adaptation in novice users.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the occurrence and frequency-specific characteristics of gain adaptation in new hearing aid users.
To compare gain preferences and loudness perception between new and experienced hearing aid users.
To determine factors influencing gain adaptation and preferences for frequency-specific gain adjustments.

Main Methods:

Fifty new and 26 experienced hearing aid users were fitted with three listening programs.
Real-life gain preferences and comfortable loudness levels were measured at 1, 4, and 13 months post-fitting.
Comparison of prescribed versus preferred gain and adaptation patterns between user groups.

Main Results:

New hearing aid users showed a progressive preference for less overall gain than prescribed, particularly with more severe hearing loss.
Gain adaptation was observed in new users with greater hearing loss but remained incomplete after 13 months.
Adaptation was not explained by changes in loudness perception, and high-frequency gain cut preferences were unpredictable from audiological data.

Conclusions:

Gain adaptation is a significant phenomenon in new hearing aid users, particularly those with substantial hearing loss.
Current adaptation patterns suggest that 13 months is insufficient for complete adaptation in some users.
Management strategies for gain adaptation are recommended for new hearing aid users with more than mild hearing loss.