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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Dipole Moment01:20

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Dipole Moment

The dipole moment of a bond is the product of the partial charge on either atom and the distance between them. Dipole moments influence the efficiency of IR absorption and the peak intensity. When a bond with a dipole moment is placed in an electric field, the direction of the field determines if the bond is compressed or stretched. Electromagnetic radiation consists of an electric field component that rapidly reverses direction. It follows that polar bonds are alternately stretched and...
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with varying...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

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Advances in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy to Explore Multiphase Polymeric Systems
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Dynamic infrared study of polyphenylene sulfide using planar array infrared spectroscopy.

Andrea Pesapane1, Christopher M Snively, Richard M Ikeda

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19701, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|October 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Planar array infrared spectroscopy revealed how polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) deforms elastically. Stress-induced band shifts were quantified, yielding stress optical coefficients and mode Gruneisen parameters.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy
  • Polymer Physics

Background:

  • Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is a high-performance polymer with significant industrial applications.
  • Understanding its mechanical and optical properties under stress is crucial for material design and performance prediction.
  • Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing molecular vibrations and structural changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic response of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) to sinusoidal elastic deformation using Planar array Infrared (PA-IR) spectroscopy.
  • To separate and quantify the contributions of chain orientation, sample thinning, and stress-induced band shifts to the observed spectral changes.
  • To determine the stress optical coefficients and mode Gruneisen parameters for PPS.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic mechanical analysis coupled with Planar array Infrared (PA-IR) spectroscopy at room temperature.
  • Sinusoidal elastic deformation applied to the PPS sample.
  • Analysis of in-phase and out-of-phase components of the dynamic spectra to isolate different physical effects.

Main Results:

  • All spectral intensity changes were observed in the in-phase component, consistent with measurements below the glass transition temperature.
  • The effects of chain orientation and sample thinning were found to cancel each other out.
  • Stress-induced band shifts, on the order of 0.01 cm(-1), were successfully quantified.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully quantified stress-induced band shifts in PPS under elastic deformation.
  • The calculated stress optical coefficients and mode Gruneisen parameters provide valuable insights into the mechanical and vibrational properties of PPS.
  • This research contributes to a deeper understanding of polymer behavior under mechanical stress.