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Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

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Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
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2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

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Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other...
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2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...
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Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

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Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...
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Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
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Two-Dimensional Raman Correlation Spectroscopy Study of Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate- co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate]

Isao Noda1,2, Anjan Roy3, James Carriere3

  • 11 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|May 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional correlation analysis revealed the isothermal crystallization stages of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBHx) bioplastic. The study details nucleation, primary crystal growth, and secondary crystallization phases in PHBHx.

Keywords:
Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate]bioplasticslow-frequency Ramantwo-dimensional correlation analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Bioplastics like poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBHx) are gaining importance as sustainable alternatives.
  • Understanding the crystallization kinetics of PHBHx is crucial for optimizing its material properties and applications.
  • Raman spectroscopy offers a powerful, non-destructive method for probing molecular structure and dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the isothermal crystallization process of PHBHx copolymer using two-dimensional correlation analysis.
  • To identify and characterize the distinct stages of PHBHx crystallization, including nucleation, primary growth, and secondary growth.
  • To correlate spectral changes in different vibrational modes with specific crystallization events.

Main Methods:

  • Application of two-dimensional correlation analysis to time-dependent Raman spectra of PHBHx during isothermal crystallization.
  • Simultaneous measurement of carbonyl stretching and low-frequency crystalline lattice modes.
  • Hetero-mode correlation analysis to reveal synchronous and asynchronous spectral variations.

Main Results:

  • The crystallization process was resolved into three main stages: nucleation, primary crystal growth, and secondary crystal growth.
  • Primary crystal growth is associated with the dominant reduction of the amorphous component.
  • Secondary crystallization occurs in the inter-lamellar region after the formation of well-ordered lamellar structures with 21 helices.

Conclusions:

  • Two-dimensional correlation analysis effectively maps the complex crystallization pathway of PHBHx.
  • The study provides detailed insights into the structural evolution of PHBHx during isothermal crystallization.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of biopolymer crystallization mechanisms and processing.