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Postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in advanced testicular cancer: radical or modified template
Axel Heidenreich1, David Pfister, Ralf Witthuhn
1Department of Urology, Division of Oncological Urology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. axel.heidenreich@uk-koeln.de
Background:
The anatomical extent of postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) has been discussed controversially for many years.
Objective:
To evaluate the necessity of PC-RPLND with modified or radical template resection in patients with advanced nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors (NSGCT) and residual masses following systemic chemotherapy.
Design, Setting, And Participants:
The charts of 152 consecutive patients who were treated at two tertiary referral centers were retrospectively reviewed.
Intervention:
All patients underwent PC-RPLND, with 54 and 98 patients undergoing a radical template resection and 98 patients undergoing a modified template resection. Modified template resection was performed if the location of the residual mass corresponded to the primary landing zone of testis cancer and the residual mass measured < or = 5 cm in diameter. In all other cases a full bilateral PC-RPLND was chosen.
Measurements:
The following data were analyzed: location of the residual mass, extent of surgery, length of surgery, treatment-associated complications, nerve-sparing approach, adjunctive surgical procedures, postoperative morbidity, duration of hospital stay, early and late complications, relapse rates, cancer-specific survival rates, and overall survival rates.
Results And Limitations:
Overall, 84 patients (55.2%) had necrosis/fibrosis, 45 (29.6%) had mature teratoma, and 23 (15.1%) had vital cancer in the surgical specimens. Antegrade ejaculation was preserved in 85% and 25% of patients undergoing modified and bilateral PC-RPLND (p=0.02), respectively. Eight recurrences (5.2%) were observed after a mean follow-up of 39 mo (range 6-105 mo): one patient had an in-field relapse following modified PC-RPLND, and seven patients had recurrences outside the boundaries of full bilateral PC-RPLNDs. The 2-yr disease-free survival rates were 78.6% and 92.8% for bilateral and modified PC-RPLND, respectively. The limitations of this study were a short follow-up, a limited number of patients, and the retrospective nature of the study.
Conclusions:
Full bilateral PC-RPLND is the standard approach to extensive residual masses. In well-defined masses a modified template PC-RPLND does not interfere with oncologic outcome but decreases treatment-associated morbidity.
