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Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.

Sanger Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

Mass Analyzers: Overview

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...

Sample Handling

Sample Handling

Transportation of samples from the collection point to the laboratory, as well as storage and preservation techniques, are crucial for maintaining sample integrity and ensuring accurate and reliable test results.
Samples should be transported carefully from collection points to the laboratory. They should be properly sealed and clearly labeled to prevent cross-contamination. To preserve the sample integrity, optimal temperature conditions during transport are essential. This could involve using...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Informatic Analysis of Sequence Data from Batch Yeast 2-Hybrid Screens

Informatic Analysis of Sequence Data from Batch Yeast 2-Hybrid Screens

Published on: June 28, 2018

DDBJ dealing with mass data produced by the second generation sequencer.

Hideaki Sugawara¹, Kazuho Ikeo, Satoshi Fukuchi

¹Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.

Nucleic Acids Research

|October 18, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) released over 2.3 million genetic data entries, including significant genome data and short reads from parasitic protozoa, enhancing biological research accessibility.

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Bioinformatics
Molecular Biology

Background:

The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) is a crucial repository for genetic information.
Advances in sequencing technology necessitate continuous updates to biological databases.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the data collection and release activities of DDBJ from July 2007 to June 2008.
To highlight the inclusion of new data types and collaborations.

Main Methods:

Data collection and curation of genetic sequences.
Integration of trace archive data in collaboration with NCBI.
Acceptance and release of high-throughput sequencing data (short reads).

Main Results:

DDBJ released 2,368,110 entries (1,415,106,598 bases) between July 2007 and June 2008.
Included genome-scale data for Bombyx mori, Oryza latipes, Drosophila, and Lotus japonicus.
Released over 100 million short reads from parasitic protozoa and hosts, and bacterial metagenomes.

Conclusions:

DDBJ's expanded data offerings support diverse research areas, from model organisms to host-parasite interactions.
Collaboration with NCBI strengthens data accessibility and integration.
Adaptation to new sequencing technologies ensures the repository remains current and valuable.