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Related Concept Videos

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
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Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons

Published on: June 6, 2025

Vector-G: multi-modular SVM-based heterotrimeric G protein prediction.

Preti Jain1, Puneet Wadhwa, Ramazan Aygun

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.

In Silico Biology
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A new computational method effectively identifies novel G protein subunits across diverse species. This SVM-based algorithm improves genome annotation and aids in understanding G protein roles in diseases and fungal pathogens.

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Construction of Model Lipid Membranes Incorporating G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)
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Construction of Model Lipid Membranes Incorporating G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
08:04

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons

Published on: June 6, 2025

Construction of Model Lipid Membranes Incorporating G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)
09:45

Construction of Model Lipid Membranes Incorporating G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)

Published on: February 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
  • Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
  • Genomics and Proteomics

Background:

  • Heterotrimeric G proteins are crucial signaling molecules, mediating cellular responses to various external stimuli via G protein-coupled receptors.
  • G protein subunits are implicated in diverse eukaryotic diseases and play significant roles in fungal pathogen interactions.
  • Existing methods for G protein identification, such as homology searches and wet lab experiments, are limited in discovering novel protein classes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust computational method for identifying new G protein subunits and their homologs.
  • To address the limitations of current techniques in discovering novel G proteins, particularly those with less characterized domains like Gbeta WD-40 repeats.
  • To facilitate improved genome annotation and comparative genomic analysis of G proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based pattern recognition algorithm.
  • Utilized physicochemical and compositional properties, including dipeptide, tripeptide, and hydrophobicity composition, for SVM classifier generation.
  • Validated the algorithm's performance on known G protein alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high sensitivity (96.17%, 95.38%, 97.6%) and specificity (99.45%, 100%, 100%) for G protein alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, respectively.
  • The algorithm accurately predicted known G protein subunits and demonstrated effectiveness in improving genome annotation.
  • Identified novel G protein subunits in 31 genomes spanning plant, fungi, and animal kingdoms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SVM-based computational method is a powerful and effective tool for discovering novel G protein subunits and their homologs.
  • This approach significantly enhances genome annotation accuracy and provides a valuable resource for comparative genomics.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of G protein diversity and their roles in various biological processes and diseases.