Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function. They...

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Profiling the long-term risk of severe adverse events in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients treated with different treatment sequences: Results from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Registry (I-MS&RD) (ProSA study).

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026

Same author

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: Where do we stand today?

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026

Same author

Perturbational complexity index detects subclinical cortical changes in early multiple sclerosis.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026

Same author

A predictive tool for early treatment escalation after initiation of moderate-efficacy therapy in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026

Same author

Use of High-Efficacy Therapy in Children With Multiple Sclerosis to Prevent Long-Term Disability.

Neurology·2026

Same author

Reduced Childhood Outdoor Exposure Raises Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (PedMS) Risk.

Neurology and therapy·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Cognitive changes in multiple sclerosis.

Maria Pia Amato¹, Valentina Zipoli, Emilio Portaccio

¹Department of Neurology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 85 50134 Florence, Italy. mariapia.amato@unifi.it

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

|October 22, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive dysfunction impacts many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, affecting memory and attention. Current treatments show limited effectiveness, necessitating further research into therapeutic strategies for MS cognitive changes.

More Related Videos

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroscience
Cognitive Science

Background:

Cognitive dysfunction (CD) affects 40-65% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, impacting function across all disease phenotypes.
CD in MS is progressive and commonly involves memory, attention, processing speed, and executive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
To highlight key areas for future research in MS-related cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
Analysis of the relationship between cognitive changes and neuroimaging findings (MRI).

Main Results:

Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in MS, detectable early and worsening over time.
Commonly affected cognitive domains include memory, attention, processing speed, and executive functions.
MRI findings, including white matter lesions and gray matter changes, correlate with cognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

Effective therapeutic strategies for MS-related cognitive dysfunction are still under investigation.
Preliminary evidence exists for anticholinesterasics and cognitive rehabilitation, but further research is required.
Identifying and addressing cognitive changes is crucial for managing multiple sclerosis functional impact.