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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
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Published on: June 30, 2014

Reduced Childhood Outdoor Exposure Raises Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (PedMS) Risk.

Silvy Pilotto1, Angelo Ghezzi2, Stefania Maria Bova3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Sant'Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy. silvy.pilotto@unife.it.

Neurology and Therapy
|May 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced outdoor activity in early childhood may increase the risk of pediatric multiple sclerosis (PedMS). Lower sun exposure, particularly during winter, was linked to higher PedMS odds in a recent study.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyMultiple sclerosisPediatricsRisk factorsSun exposureTime spent outdoors

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental epidemiology
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Multiple sclerosis research

Background:

  • Sun exposure is a potential factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility.
  • Limited evidence exists regarding sun exposure and pediatric-onset MS (PedMS).
  • This study investigates the association between reduced early-childhood outdoor time and PedMS risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if decreased outdoor activity in early childhood is linked to an increased risk of developing pediatric-onset MS.
  • To explore seasonal variations in this association.

Main Methods:

  • The PEDIGREE Study enrolled 114 PedMS cases and 121 controls under 18 years old.
  • Environmental data, including outdoor time by season and age (0-5 years), were collected via the PEQ-IT questionnaire.
  • Reduced outdoor activity was defined as less than 60 minutes per week.

Main Results:

  • Reduced outdoor time in the first year of life was associated with higher PedMS odds (adjOR 3.02).
  • This association persisted across ages 1-2 (adjOR 2.72) and 3-5 (adjOR 2.66).
  • Low winter outdoor activity (0-5 years) showed a strong association with PedMS risk (adjOR 4.30).

Conclusions:

  • Limited early-childhood outdoor activity may be associated with an increased risk of pediatric-onset MS.
  • Findings suggest a potential role for environmental factors, like sun exposure, in PedMS development.
  • Larger longitudinal studies are recommended to confirm these associations.